In1887 an experiment conducted by Albert
Michelson and Edward Morley suggest that no medium is necessary for the
propagation of light and the presence ether medium or space matter is false.
The present day belief about the light propagation is by means of perpendicular
oscillations of electric field and magnetic field, which proposed by Maxwell.
In this write up we can come across suitable concepts and illustrations that
confirm the existence of space matter. This write up is divided into four
sections:
1}Exploring Electric field and magnetic field.
Electric field is created only between un-neutralized and opposite charges. Or in other words, where there are unbalanced and opposite charges, an electric field is created between them. No electric field will be developed by the oscillation or motion of magnetic field. An unbalanced and opposite charges within a conductor or between two conductors cause the flow of charges through that conductor.
Say for example, Electric field lines hold nucleus and orbital electrons in an atom together. There is a electrostatic force between them. Electrons are in random motion in atoms and there is a change in magnitude of force that implies change in electric field. But is there any induction of magnetic field?
Electric field is created only between un-neutralized and opposite charges. Or in other words, where there are unbalanced and opposite charges, an electric field is created between them. No electric field will be developed by the oscillation or motion of magnetic field. An unbalanced and opposite charges within a conductor or between two conductors cause the flow of charges through that conductor.
Say for example, Electric field lines hold nucleus and orbital electrons in an atom together. There is a electrostatic force between them. Electrons are in random motion in atoms and there is a change in magnitude of force that implies change in electric field. But is there any induction of magnetic field?
For
creating a magnetic field, motions of charged particles are not necessary. When
the electrons are aligned in a single mode in a material, a magnetic field is
created around that material. In permanent magnets and paramagnet materials,
the outer orbital electrons of the atoms in the material are aligned for
creating the magnetism. The alignment of free electrons creates magnetism in a
current carrying conductor. For the alignment of electrons, motions of them are
not necessary. For example, the magnetic field created by a permanent magnet,
iron core inside of a solenoid or Paramagnetic materials are caused by the
alignment of electrons and not by the motion of them.
2} Nuclear reactions and realising of energy:
Without conducting any experiments and observing in the microscopic and macroscopic world, a prediction from Einstein is that ‘matter and energy are interchangeable’ and the mass that missed in a nuclear reaction is simply converted into pure energy.
Without conducting any experiments and observing in the microscopic and macroscopic world, a prediction from Einstein is that ‘matter and energy are interchangeable’ and the mass that missed in a nuclear reaction is simply converted into pure energy.
Matter and energy are two separate things
and not interchangeable. The missing mass in a chemical or nuclear reaction is
converted into space matter. The releasing of energy is due to the releasing,
expansion or explosion of space matter.
Nuclear fission reaction: Uranium to Barium + Krypton.
When a neutron with the sufficient kinetic energy, bombards on a 235 Uranium nucleus, the nucleus splits into two daughter pieces with one 144 Barium nucleus and one 90 Krypton nucleus and generates lot of thermal energy. With a close look into an atomic nucleus, we can find that, the nuclear particles in a nucleus are arranged in such a way that to attain a physical equilibrium. We know that the binding force between nuclear particles in a nucleus is so great and this force keeps the nuclear particles together.
When the Uranium nucleus is splits by a neutron, in the very moment of the splitting, the particles in the daughter pieces are in a unstable state. For achieving a physical equilibrium, the particle in the two pieces rearrange and make fresh bonding between them. We can see that, when a bonding occurs the particles will overlap each other. When the particles overlap, the individual volume of them will decrease but importantly, without increasing of their densities. At this stage, there is only one possibility that is the releasing of overlapped volume of particles to the outer world. Since the greater density of the nuclear particles, the released matter will explode and will become to the space matter. Since these explosions are take place in the regions where the particles are overlap each other, the particles will be with enormous kinetic energy. When these high energetic particles collide with the surrounding particles / nuclei, cause the generation of huge amount of thermal energy.
Collision between high-energy particles causes them to smash into still smaller particles and releasing of large amount of energy. In this cause, the energetic collisions result the expansion and explosion of matter that missed in the collision and converted into space matter.
Nuclear fission reaction: Uranium to Barium + Krypton.
When a neutron with the sufficient kinetic energy, bombards on a 235 Uranium nucleus, the nucleus splits into two daughter pieces with one 144 Barium nucleus and one 90 Krypton nucleus and generates lot of thermal energy. With a close look into an atomic nucleus, we can find that, the nuclear particles in a nucleus are arranged in such a way that to attain a physical equilibrium. We know that the binding force between nuclear particles in a nucleus is so great and this force keeps the nuclear particles together.
When the Uranium nucleus is splits by a neutron, in the very moment of the splitting, the particles in the daughter pieces are in a unstable state. For achieving a physical equilibrium, the particle in the two pieces rearrange and make fresh bonding between them. We can see that, when a bonding occurs the particles will overlap each other. When the particles overlap, the individual volume of them will decrease but importantly, without increasing of their densities. At this stage, there is only one possibility that is the releasing of overlapped volume of particles to the outer world. Since the greater density of the nuclear particles, the released matter will explode and will become to the space matter. Since these explosions are take place in the regions where the particles are overlap each other, the particles will be with enormous kinetic energy. When these high energetic particles collide with the surrounding particles / nuclei, cause the generation of huge amount of thermal energy.
Collision between high-energy particles causes them to smash into still smaller particles and releasing of large amount of energy. In this cause, the energetic collisions result the expansion and explosion of matter that missed in the collision and converted into space matter.
3} Space matter or ether:
In 1679 Christian Huygens gave a assumption that the ETHER pervades the entire universe and energy is carried by the waves caused by the vibrations of ether particles which possess high elasticity and low density.
In 1679 Christian Huygens gave a assumption that the ETHER pervades the entire universe and energy is carried by the waves caused by the vibrations of ether particles which possess high elasticity and low density.
Space matter, the fifth state of matter, is
filled everywhere in the universe. All matter in the universe (in the ordinary
world) is made of space matter. Bending of light when it pass through near
massive object like a star, lensing effect in some regions in the galaxies are
because of the refraction of light by denser space matter that present in these
regions and are purely the demonstrations for the presence of space matter in
the macro world. Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction {Increasing of mass of a fast
moving body, change in shape of a body resulting from its motion} etc are also
the evidence for space matter in space. Also, electric field lines and magnetic
field lines are created by the alignment of space matter units.
All form of energy (except gravitational potential energy) are released because of the explosion, expansion or releasing of space matter. For example, we see above that, the releasing of energy in a nuclear reaction is due to the rapid-huge increasing of volume of ordinary matter to space matter. Or in other words, the missing mass (mass defect) in a nuclear or chemical reaction is converted into space matter. Since ordinary matter is an extremely compressed state of space matter, when it released, they will explode violently and release energy .
All form of energy (except gravitational potential energy) are released because of the explosion, expansion or releasing of space matter. For example, we see above that, the releasing of energy in a nuclear reaction is due to the rapid-huge increasing of volume of ordinary matter to space matter. Or in other words, the missing mass (mass defect) in a nuclear or chemical reaction is converted into space matter. Since ordinary matter is an extremely compressed state of space matter, when it released, they will explode violently and release energy .
4} The speed of LIGHT:
The velocity of light in vacuum is given by 2.99792458 x 108ms-1. How we can say the exact value and its constancy?. The density of space matter is not constant all over the universe and there may be variation in its speed!. We know that 90% of the atom is empty. Then most of the light rays must travel with the velocity c. But according to the relation v=c/n where n is the refractive index of the material, v is the velocity of light in that medium and c is the velocity of light in vacuum. We find that there is decrease in the speed.
Is there any other experiment to determine the speed of light other than Michelson’s rotating mirror experiment? Can we determine the speed by PHOTOELECTRIC FFECT???
I have an idea to determine the speed of light by photoelectric effect.
Consider a light source and a metal which as the lowest work function. Let these two are separated by a distance of 100m. When the light ray is made to fall on the metal, photoelectrons are ejected from the surface of the metal. Let the time taken by light to cause photoelectric be ‘t’ second. Then the distance between the light source and the metal whole divided by the time taken gives the velocity of light. i.e distance/time= velocity.
The velocity of light in vacuum is given by 2.99792458 x 108ms-1. How we can say the exact value and its constancy?. The density of space matter is not constant all over the universe and there may be variation in its speed!. We know that 90% of the atom is empty. Then most of the light rays must travel with the velocity c. But according to the relation v=c/n where n is the refractive index of the material, v is the velocity of light in that medium and c is the velocity of light in vacuum. We find that there is decrease in the speed.
Is there any other experiment to determine the speed of light other than Michelson’s rotating mirror experiment? Can we determine the speed by PHOTOELECTRIC FFECT???
I have an idea to determine the speed of light by photoelectric effect.
Consider a light source and a metal which as the lowest work function. Let these two are separated by a distance of 100m. When the light ray is made to fall on the metal, photoelectrons are ejected from the surface of the metal. Let the time taken by light to cause photoelectric be ‘t’ second. Then the distance between the light source and the metal whole divided by the time taken gives the velocity of light. i.e distance/time= velocity.
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